Background: INFERTILITY is one of the major problems in life which affects about 20% of couples in developed countries and a large population in the developing countries including Iran. Since not much has been discussed, published or talked about in the literature and INFERTILITY conferences in Iran, we have decided to conduct a review of literature and provide a summary of what is known in the world regarding this subject.Materials and Methods: We have conducted a thorough literature search using PubMed and other major search engines in the medical databases and collected the data and research results regarding INFERTILITY and STRESS.Results: INFERTILITY is often influenced by psychological factors and the two most commonly investigated psychological problems in INFERTILITY are anxiety and depression. In most studies, it is suggested that psychological diSTRESS is associated with INFERTILITY and INFERTILITY treatment. In some recent studies, it has been concluded that STRESS may be a causal factor that leads to INFERTILITY. Preexisting anxiety and/or depression have been reported in the literature to be negatively associated with successful conception. The reciprocal relationship exists between STRESS and INFERTILITY.Conclusion: We suggest that psychological treatments should be considered for infertile couples before INFERTILITY treatment is initiated in order to increase the possibility of spontaneous conception in women.

Introduction: Idiopathic INFERTILITY is the most common cause of INFERTILITY among the males who are usually treated empirically. Two new drugs used in empirical therapy are: Pentoxifylline and L- Carnitine. However, there is no comparison study about their effects. This study aims at comparing the therapeutic effects of Pentoxifylline and L- Carnitine in infertile male patients with Idiopathic Materials and Methods: This clinical trial study was performed on 38 patients with Idiopathic Asthenospermia during the years of 1385-86 in Mashhad, Iran. In addition to filling out the questionnaire based on demographic data, Spermogram test and analysis were administered during a three- month period.Results: Nineteen male patients were treated with L-Carnitine in 3 months. In 5 cases, the wives (26.3%) got pregnant, but no significant difference was observed the spermogram parameters of the male subjects. On the other hand, in the group treated with Pentoxifylline, the wives of 10 subjects (52.6%) got pregnant and the analysis of the males’ spermograms after the medical therapy revealed significant difference in density parameters as follows: Motility (P=0.011); Spermotility (P=0.0001); Motility Index (P=0.0001).Conclusion: Pentoxifylline showed more promising results for the treatment of male idiopathic INFERTILITY.